Which type of bearing is specifically designed to withstand forces perpendicular to the axis or shaft?

The correct answer is radial bearing because it is specifically engineered to support loads that are perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. Radial bearings accommodate radial loads—forces that act at a right angle to the shaft's axis—by enabling smooth rotation and minimizing friction. This is essential in applications where lateral stresses are predominant, such as in rotating machinery and automotive components.

In contrast, thrust bearings are designed to support axial loads, which are forces parallel to the shaft. They prevent axial movement and instead facilitate the handling of forces that push along the shaft's length. Pivot bearings also cater to axial motion, typically in applications that require rotation around a fixed point. Needle bearings, while allowing for rotation, offer a reduced friction interface and are effective in handling radial loads but are not exclusively focused on them. Therefore, radial bearings are the optimal choice for applications emphasizing perpendicular force handling.